I have never gone rock climbing. Not even at the local climbing wall. Correct me if I am wrong. My understanding of the safety system in those situations are utilization of either a belayer or a mechanical tensioner / retractor attached to a three point harness (belt & 2 legs). The safety rope is kept under proper tension at all times as the climber advances up the wall. When the climber loses grip with the wall (fall). The climber's weight is taken up immediately. The climber is then quickly lowered to the ground. No harm no foul.
On occasions before I retired, I get to step out on hanging scaffolds to inspect facade repair work on 30/40 story buildings. I know all the safety protocols. Have my own personal harness, rope grab, safety rope and what not. Always check the anchorage myself before stepping over the edge. Usually takes couple hours out there. Doesn't really bother me. Just can't see it for fun.
We do work for public agencies. They are very high on safety. Lots of safety inspectors floating around. OSHA regulations are the minimum requirements we have to adhere to. Lots of guys have to be harnessed up and tethered to safety ropes even when working on very low level scaffolding.
Our standard set up for personal fall protection.
Full body harness (OSHA prohibits usage of safety belt or three point harness)
Lanyard (Shock Absorbing)
Rope Grab and 5/8" Safety Rope
Diagram of one taking a fall.
Accidentally stepping off the edge is no fun. The free fall can be a shock. You can play with the
Fall Protection Force Calculator to figure how much force your body will be subjected to during a fall.
Rescueing a dangling worker maybe as simple as dragging them back in with a broom or setting up a ladder to reach them. A man lift usually will do the tough ones. Haven't had to call FDNY, yet.
To drive home the point with newbies that fall protection is not fun and games. We usually have them put on a harness and hang them off the rafters via their lanyard in the shop for ten minutes. They usually get the message.